DUBAI: Most Arab oil exporting countries in the Gulf should plan to reduce growth in government spending to make their budgets more sustainable, as their combined surplus could turn into a deficit around 2017, the International Monetary Fund said yesterday.
“While expansionary fiscal policies helped the region weather the global financial crisis, given the healthy economic expansion currently under way, the need for continued fiscal stimulus is diminishing,” the IMF said in a report.
“Most GCC countries should therefore plan to reduce the growth rate in government expenditure in the period ahead.”
In 2011, total state spending in the six Gulf Cooperation Council economies — Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain — jumped by some 20 percent in dollar terms, the IMF said. Governments were responding to unrest in the Middle East by boosting social spending.
The GCC’s combined fiscal surplus reached 13 percent of gross domestic product last year, the IMF estimated, and it is projected to remain at roughly that level this year.
But the leap in spending lifted the oil price levels needed to balance budgets to record highs, making the countries more vulnerable to a downturn. Oil export receipts account for over 80 percent of government revenue in the region.
“Along with continued increases in government spending, fiscal and external surpluses are, with unchanged policies, projected to decline in 2013 and beyond, with the combined fiscal surplus turning to deficit around 2017,” the IMF said.
It noted that the outlook for oil prices was extremely uncertain.
“A rapid deterioration in the global economy could bring about developments similar to what the region experienced in 2009, including a sharp fall in oil prices and disruptions to capital flows,” the IMF said.
In a downside scenario, the IMF assumed a $30 oil price drop that started in 2013 and lasted through the medium term.
“The GCC in aggregate would under the downside scenario go into deficit by 2014, and all GCC economies would run fiscal deficits by 2017,” it said.
Bahrain and Oman would stand out with budget deficits of 16 percent of GDP, but Saudi Arabia would also reach a double-digit deficit, the report estimated.
Most Gulf countries have used oil windfalls to build up their external assets, which would let them keep spending even if their budget balances turned negative.
“Although most GCC countries have sufficient savings to cushion even a sizeable shock, a prolonged drop in oil prices could test available buffers,” the IMF said.
Under its baseline scenario, the GCC’s combined, public external assets are projected to exceed $3 trillion by 2017; in the downside scenario, they would be $2.2 trillion but still above a projected $1.9 trillion at end-2012, the IMF said.
In 2011 those assets, which include sovereign wealth fund holdings and central bank reserves, were estimated at about $1.6 trillion or over 110 percent of GDP, the report showed.
The IMF also said further deleveraging and retrenchment by European banks, which have been hit by the sovereign debt crisis in their region, could lead to liquidity pressures in the GCC.
Reuters
